![]() ![]() In 1979, Harry Quigley, MD, and William R. The axons exit the eye through the neural canal opening and are supported by the lamina cribrosa (essentially a connective tissue structure), which comprises the floor of the physiologic cup. The ONH is formed by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells, blood vessels and glial tissue. Glaucoma is characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, and by the remodeling of the optic nerve head, which manifests as neuroretinal rim narrowing, optic disc excavation and displacement of lamina cribrosa. Therefore, we’ll discuss the various tissue structures affected by glaucoma progression and then provide practical tips for using OCT to monitor them. One major advantage of OCT is its ability to show detailed, quantitative information about the various retinal layers, which corresponds to tissue sections on a histology slide. In this article, we’ll provide tips on how to use the OCT devices we’re familiar with to monitor progression, and how to avoid artifacts and other errors that can lead you astray. Although these remain key elements of the glaucoma evaluation, they’re still subjective and qualitative in nature, limiting their ability to detect progression reliably. Before the introduction of optical coherence tomography, determination of glaucoma progression relied heavily on clinical assessment of the optic nerve, comparison of disc photos over time and visual field analysis. More informationĪbout viewing, downloading, and printing report files can be found at the common download problems FAQ.S ince glaucoma is a progressive disease, physicians are constantly searching for reliable tools to monitor it over time. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge. PDF documents opened from yourīrowser may not display or print as intended. The documents to your computer and open them with Adobe Reader. For best results viewing and printing PDF documents, it is recommended that you download Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format This report is Chapter 1 of Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14 Landslide and Debris-Flow Assessment ![]() Section A: Modeling methods in Book 14 Landslide and Debris-Flow Assessment Readme Windows install package Mac install disk image examples folder Scoops3D: software to analyze 3D slope stability throughout a digital landscape The source code is written in the Fortran 90 language and can be compiled to run on any computer operating system with an appropriate compiler. Several Scoops3D examples, including all input and output files, are available as well. Easy-to-use software installation packages are available for the Windows or Macintosh operating systems these packages install the compiled Scoops3D program, the GUI (Scoops3D-i), and associated documentation. This manual includes information on the theoretical basis for the slope-stability analysis, requirements for constructing and searching a 3D domain, a detailed operational guide (including step-by-step instructions for using the graphical user interface software, Scoops3D-i) and input/output file specifications, practical considerations for conducting an analysis, results of verification tests, and multiple examples illustrating the capabilities of Scoops3D. Results from Scoops3D can be readily incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) or other visualization software. The user has a variety of options for building a 3D domain, including layers or full 3D distributions of strength and pore-water pressures, simplistic earthquake loading, and unsaturated suction conditions. It also determines the least-stable potential failure for the entire DEM. In a thorough search, each DEM cell is included in multiple potential failures, and Scoops3D records the lowest stability (factor of safety) for each DEM cell, as well as the size (volume or area) associated with each of these potential landslides. Scoops3D has several options for the user to systematically and efficiently search throughout an entire DEM, thereby incorporating the effects of complex surface topography. For each potential landslide (or failure), Scoops3D assesses the stability of a rotational, spherical slip surface encompassing many DEM cells using a 3D version of either Bishop’s simplified method or the Ordinary (Fellenius) method of limit-equilibrium analysis. The program uses a three-dimensional (3D) method of columns approach to assess the stability of many (typically millions) potential landslides within a user-defined size range. The computer program, Scoops3D, evaluates slope stability throughout a digital landscape represented by a digital elevation model (DEM). ![]()
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